Every culture, irrespective of its simplicity and complexity has its own set of beliefs and practices which are believed to serve major determinants for the regulation of fertility behaviour in a community. Women living in diverse socio-economic and domestic circumstances experience difference in fertility behaviour. The book is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter deals with the framework of the study area, social structure, objectives of the study, sampling procedure and data collection techniques. The second chapter gives an idea of the demographic profile of the respondents. The third chapter deals with the cultural beliefs and practices of fertility behaviour. The various traditions, beliefs and practices related to puberty rites, pregnancy, food practices, child-delivery practices, agency for delivery, post-partum care, child-rearing practices and infertility are discussed. The fourth chapter highlights people’s attitude towards infant and child mortality in terms of their beliefs, emotions and behaviour in the rural and urban areas. The fifth chapter deals with indigenous practices controlling fertility behaviour. It gives a brief description of how women in the rural and urban areas are governed by indigenous modes of fertility control. What are the beliefs and indigenous practices adopted for fertility control in the rural and urban areas? How do social norms regulate and control fertility behaviour? The sixth chapter deals with modern fertility control techniques, the concept of family planning as understood by them, sources of information, difference in the practice of family planning methods among rural and urban people. In the last chapter the major findings are discussed.

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